Quotation marks (‘ ’) are used to enclose direct speech from someone else.Parentheses ( ) and brackets enclose information that isn’t vital to the rest of the sentence.Colons (:) are used after independent clauses to introduce lists, long quotes or other information.Semicolons ( ) separate independent related clauses or items in lists that include commas.They separate dependent and independent clauses in sentences, items in lists, nonessential phrases from surrounding text and paired adjectives before nouns or pronouns. Periods end declarative sentences, question marks end interrogative sentences, and exclamation points end exclamatory sentences. Periods or full stops (.), question marks (?) and exclamation points (!) are all used to end sentences.The following list describes the most common types of punctuation and their uses. Punctuation is used to give additional meaning and structure to the words we write. Conjunctions connect words or groups of words.Examples: ‘in’, ‘over’, ‘up’ and ‘through’ Prepositions show relationships between nouns or pronouns, such as locations or directions.Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs.Examples: ‘run’, ‘fly’ and ‘laugh’ ‘am’, ‘is’ and ‘were’ They can be in the present, past, or future tense. Verbs show action or a state of being.Adjectives are words that describe nouns and pronouns.Pronouns are words that replace nouns in sentences to make our speech less repetitive.Examples: ‘cat’, ‘dogs’, ‘United Kingdom’, ‘happiness’ and ‘skies’ Nouns are words used to describe a person, place, thing, idea, feeling or quality they can be singular or plural proper or common countable, non-countable or collective and regular or irregular.The list below describes them and provides examples of each. If it doesn’t make sense, it’s probably not a complete sentence. For example, in the simple sentence ‘The weather is nice today’, ‘the weather’ is the subject and ‘is nice’ is the predicate.Ī simple test to see if your sentence is complete is to read it out loud on its own if it can stand by itself as a complete thought, it’s likely a complete sentence. The predicate tells what the subject is doing or describes the subject. The subject is the person, place, or thing that is the focus of the sentence. Any group of words that doesn’t include both a subject and a predicate is known as a phrase. Here we’ll summarize these rules for more in-depth information on English grammar, see our articles on sentence structure, parts of speech and punctuation.Īll complete English sentences must include a subject and a predicate. Basics of English Grammar Although English grammar can be complicated and tricky, there are a few simple rules that form the basis of everything you need to know about this topic.
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